2010年10月1日星期五

Gongga Mountain

 

Wikipedia card

  
Gongga Mountain
Gongga Shan (Minya Konka) is located in SichuanKangdingsouth of the main peak is the Snowy Mountains. More than 6,000 meters above sea level around the 45 peaks, the main peak of more stands in the top of peaks, 7,556 meters above sea level. 6,000 meters above the east side of the Dadu River, has been called "the king of Shu." Peak formed by the granodiorite by marine monsoon, the snow line altitude of 4,600 ~ 4,700 meters, the larger glaciers. East slope of the largest Hailuogou 14.2 km long glacier, the terminal issued 2,850 meters, has fallen into the forest zone, in the long term effect of glaciers, mountain peaks develop into conical horn, and around the 60 ° ~ 70 ° of the cliff, climbing difficult. In 1932, the American expedition to climb a success. China in June 1957 climbers reach the peak.
Directory
Tibetan means
Research Status
Location
Geological features
Climatic conditions
Vegetation
Lake conditions
Glacier
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Tibetan means

Gongga Shan (Minya Konka) is located in the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the middle of the transverse mountain ranges of the Snowy Mountains,
  
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Is located in Dadu andYalong Riverbetween. "Gongga Mountain," Tibetan "tribute" is the meaning of snow and ice, "quack" for white, meaning "white ice", also meaning "high mountain", the mountain is about 60 km north-south east-west width of 30 km , the peak elevation of 7556 meters, is located in the north latitude 29 degrees 35 minutes 44 seconds east longitude 101 degrees 52 minutes 44 seconds, in Sichuan Kangding, Luding, asbestos, Kowloon four counties.
Gongga Mountain is an internationally renowned mountain climbing adventures and the Holy Land, but also the most difficult to conquer Mount Gongga large-scale high mountains, and its degree of difficulty is far greater than the summit of Mount Everest. According to statistics so far, only 24 were successful summit, there are 37 people were killed in the climb and after the summit, which includes 14 Japanese. Mortality far more than climbing Mount Everest K2 peak of 14% and 30%, second only to theMeili Snow Mountain.

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Research Status

7556 meters above sea level in Mt is the highest mountain in Sichuan Province, known as the "King of Shushan." Lined mountain peaks, ice firm snow depth, numerous obstacles, is the development of maritime mountain glaciers is one of the mountains, in the mountaineering and scientific research plays a very important position, is a highly favored by mountaineersmountains.

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Location

Gongga Mountain areain theGanzi Tibetan Autonomous PrefectureLuding, Kangding County, three in Kowloon, to the center in Mt by Hailuogou,wood frame wrong,five to be the sea, and other scenic Gongga southern slope composed of square kilometers area of l Gonggar peak altitude around 145 are filled with the thrill of climbing five or six kilometers, surrounded by the formation of the peaks, snow-capped mountains phase of the grand picture. Gongga Mountain area more than 10 high altitude lakes, the famous wooden frame wrong, five to be the sea, out of the sea, sea, such as Sembawang, some of the foot of the glacier, surrounded by some in the forest, the lake is clear and transparent, keep the original, beautiful natural landscape. Area within the vertical zone spectrum is clear, full of vegetation, the original ecological environment, the flora complex and identified 4880 kinds of plants. Is a national one, two, three types of protected animals and 20 kinds. Point of the scenic area has dozens of hot springs, the water temperature between 40 to 80 ℃, and some reach more than 90 ℃,
  
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There Kangding famous hot springs pool Erdaoqiao spa and Hailuogou. There is also Pao Mashan area, there Gonggar Temple lhakang other Tibetan Buddhist monastery, a Tibetan, Yi and other colorful ethnic customs. Around the famous mountain in Mt are:in the mountains6,886 meters above sea level, Aide Jia peak 6618 meters, 6549 meters peak selling hot German, Beacon Hill 5880 m, 5878 m Haizishan snake, Bai Haizi Mountain 5924 m, 6070 m Mt Tian Haizi . There is also Pao Mashan area, there Gonggar Temple lhakang other Tibetan Buddhist monastery, a Tibetan, Yi and other colorful ethnic customs. Gongga mountainscenic area.

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Geological features

Water Characteristics frequent tectonic activity, resulting in a number of folds and faults. With the uplift of mountains, rivers east and west slope of the formation of nearly 5,000 meters in elevation valleys. There are four main peak in Mt ridge: Northwest Ridge, northeast ridge, southwest ridge, the southeast ridge. As the granite rock of the region, coupled with long-term glacial effect, a narrow sloping ridge like a knife, the steep slope of the wall, bare rock, much in the 70 degree slope. Gongga Mountain region is the peak concentration of cross-sectional area in the mountains, gathered in the vicinity of Block 20 peaks above 6,000 meters above sea level. About 45 mountain glaciers, an area of 290 square kilometers, mainly in the main valley glaciers, hanging glaciers and cirque glaciers have distributed more than 10 kilometers in length and 5 glaciers, the longest of Hailuogou Glacier, is a famous Glacier Park, with all the wonders of glaciers. One aspect of large ice falls reached more than 1,000 meters, is particularly spectacular. Because the climate, glaciers in Mt dramatic glacier at 2600 meters above sea level the lowest out into. The snow line, lush valleys and hillsides covered with virgin forest. Forest plant variety, there are more than 40 species of rare plants. And also the wildlife park, where more than 400 species of live animals, mountains and forest animals. Active fault zone on the mountain is also the distribution of many hot springs, and has a variety of travel services.
Gonggar steep hills, far from the mainland mountains generally comparable. After the board on it, looked around, thousands of miles of snowy white prostrate at the foot, the vast field of vision and by the height of the mountain climbers arising from a sense of accomplishment is worth a climb. Because of its altitude non-normal peaks comparable, thus requiring less than fully prepared for the climbers, so as to avoid fatigue and cold lead halfway. Many climbers summited from the northwest ridge route, which is down from the previous sum up the experience.
Mountain in Mt granodiorite, light green stone. Perennial snow-covered peak near the main peak of platforms, an area of about 70 square meters. Themountain rangeand Gongga Mountains of north-south mountain, south to the humid air along the valley a long drive north, along the humid climate and changing the main peak, which is difficult to climb in Mt caused one of the reasons. At the same time around the world in MtGlacierone of the earliest development in the long glaciation, the development of the pyramid in Mt Bighorn Peak, ice avalanches is extremely frequent, around which the cliffs, like a narrow sloping ridge edge, the steep slope of the wall, bare rock, much in the 70 degree slope, and the great gap between its height, 20 km radius of 6,000 meters above sea level there are gaps, so the difficulty is reflected in the ever-changing weather and steep routes.

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Climatic conditions

The area belongs to temperate highland climate, climate change, the larger each year from June to October is the rainy season, November to next May as the dry season.
  
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800-900 mm annual precipitation, mostly concentrated in 7,8,9 March. Xia Jiyun large, diurnal temperature range is also large, sometimes at an altitude of 6,000 meters above the temperature up to -20 ℃. The dry season in the sunny weather, but also other parts of the same latitude than the mild temperatures year, the highest is 4,5 months. Mountaineering and more selection of the alternate dry and wet seasons.
Disparity between high and low terrain in Mt, bottom-up in the sub-tropical, temperate, boreal, sub-arctic, cold, cold with snow and ice with seven climate zones.

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Vegetation

Specific geographical environment and the special climate conditions, the formation of a multi-level and three-dimensional plant with a unique natural landscape. Peaks above 5,000 meters above sea level, snow; low altitude, no smoke heavily forested slope foot areas, lush, the original ecological environment, the forest by human activities is small, full of vegetation, almost from the subtropical to alpine cold with a viable all plant species, rare plant variety, with more than 4880 species of plants, is a rare species under state protection, more than 400 species, the eastern valley has also left a lot to be known as the "living fossil" of ancient plants and animals. The habitat of wild animals in here more than 400 species, 28 species of rare and protected animals, called the world's wildlife, plants, Grand View Garden. Gongga Mountain Hailuogou 1900 ~ 3600m of the original forest area, which is a broad-leaved forest belt 1900 ~ 2200m, 2200 ~ 2800m for the coniferous forest zone, 2800 ~ 3600m for the coniferous forest, 3600m above coniferous forest and alpine shrub cluster distribution. 3000m woodland mainly spruce, fir, rhododendron, birch and so on. Hailuogou the distribution of more than 2,500 species of plants, including the Kangding magnolia, yew, wheat hanging fir, big leaf willow, peaches seven, Evergreen and other rare species of water.
Gongga Mountain flora as a whole has a temperate nature, but in the arid valley, tropical and temperate of a significant proportion. Tropical elements reflect the composition and distribution of ancient tropical flora and ancient relic Mediterranean influence; East Asia (including subtype) and East Asia - the North American component of the central forest in Mt greatest impact on the flora, the ancient nature of these components to temperate based; North temperate flora in Mt is one of the main uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau flora in Mt since the evolution of endemic taxa and the main contribution to the development, on behalf of the young component flora; China endemic species of various types, representing the number of species with different vertical vegetation 40% -65%, the ratio increases with increasing elevation. Changes in the proportion of various types of vertical and in Mt highlighted the altitude mountain range in the flora of the lot of contact with the central region, and high-altitude Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the East Lot and flora of the Himalayas between the links.

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Lake conditions

Ice lakes, more than 10 high altitude lakes located in the scenic area. Wrong famous wooden frame, five to be the sea, out of the sea,
  
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Sembawang Sea, or the foot of the glacier, or surrounded by forests, water color is clear and transparent, keep the original, beautiful natural landscape, there are like, "Yao Chi Wonderland."

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Glacier

Glacier in Mt famous 159 foot with modern glaciers, covering an area of 390 square kilometers, is the world's Glacier one of the earliest development. One well-known of which are Hailuogou Glacier, Goumba glaciers, glacial Sembawang,swallow grooveglaciers and extravagant Zaigou glaciers, ice thickness of 150-300 meters, very spectacular. As the erosion of glaciers, steep mountain into a pyramid, towering, piercing blue sky.
Hailuogou Glacier Tongue is 6 km long, wide and 0.4-0.7 km, estimated the thickness of 100-130 meters, glaciers formed about 1600 years ago. The movement of glaciers formed in the crystal such as jade, crystal, watch the value of the high glaciers arc arch, curl, monoclinic, syncline laminated into a single crack in the ice up to 100 meters, depth of 5-10 meters wide and 0.5 -2 m ice zone, spectacular. Melting glaciers in the process of forming a mix of ice lake, ice tables, ice cave and ice bridges, ice river, so that visitors was full of praise. In addition, from the peak 5600 meters above sea level southeast mountain watershed above the snow, the lowest glacier elevation 3000-3700 m, can be used for mountain climbing enthusiasts.
Glacier has "three strange."
The first strange: not cold. Glaciers on top of the warm weather, summer and autumn, you can dressed in Baoshan, foot glacier garden ice magic in this bizarre world, nothing to worry about "ice very cold."
The second strange: Bingbeng. Great Falls perennial ice "activities endless," varying in size Bingbeng place. A collapse of up to several million cubic meters of snow and ice dancing at this time, rumbling earthquake Toru Canyon, one or two kilometers away can be heard, the scene is spectacular.
The third strange: strange structure. Glacier surface, there are numerous and varied wonderful spectacle. Ice ice tables chairs, ice lakes, Bingku, ice mushrooms, ice city of openings, etc., too many people dizzying spectacle, constantly have new discoveries, new surprises.

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Best Season Tour

The best season Gongga Mountain tourism each year, usually more than 5 to 6 months of dry and wet seasons alternate, both because of the higher temperature this time nor too much rain, but for tourism. The dry season in fine weather but also other parts of the same latitude than the mild year, the highest temperature was 4,5 months. Mountaineering and more selection of the alternate dry and wet seasons.
Tibetan in "Minya" is both a geographical concept, but also a group name. As a geographical concept. "Minya" refers specifically to live in
  
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Gongga Mountain Kham especially the western slope of the group, also known as "wood Yaren", which also means "wood Yaren" life areas. In the present administrative division of geography, this area is generally west of Kangding, Yajiang east, south Daofu, Kowloon, north of Southwest area was Danba. "Konka" the word for "highest snow-capped mountains."
World War II in Mt on the previous position of considerable attention in geography. American Joseph F · Rock in 1930 incorrectly measured as 9,500 meters above sea level Gongga, which announced its first peak in the world, many foreign explorers so admiring. In 1931, Swiss geographer Eduard Imhof for the first time accurately measure the height in Mt 7,590 meters, his hand-drawn sketch Gongga Gongga survey plan and also put the information in Mt brought Europe and America.
Gongga Mountain area to the center in Mt by Hailuogou, wood frame wrong, five to be the sea, and other scenic Gongga southern slope, covering an area l million square kilometers, the national scenic area. Areas in Mt minority areas, the region has Gonggar Temple lhakang other Tibetan Buddhist temple, visitors can experience the Tibetan, Yi and other colorful ethnic customs.

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Transport and accommodation

Chengdu via Kangding along the Sichuan-Tibet Highway -Xinduqiao- Six Palestinian - living on the wood, and then riding a day; on wood living - Mainz Mei Village - Temple in Mt Gongga mountain stronghold south.
Chengdu Luding along the Sichuan-Tibet Highway byErlang, grinding Nishimura, can be Hailuogou Gongga South and the northeast.
Chengdu, Chengdu-Kunming Railway along the River Ouse by the (Chinese sources) - Asbestos - The Tin along the Dadu River to the northeast of South Gongga.
Chengdu to Kangding along the Sichuan-Tibet Highway, the original "scouring plant" (Kangding woolen mill) for the tourist highway to the mill Hailuogou Nishimura.
Along the Chengdu-Kunming Railway, Chengdu - Xichang - Mianning - Kowloon - Six bar - and then riding a day; on wood living - Mainz Mei Village - work in Mt
  
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Gongga mountain stronghold south of Temple.
Accommodation: You can live in Moxi town, the town is to stay in Mt Hailuogou and concentration, has a lot of hotels and spa centers to meet the needs of tourists. Kunga Hill - There are three major scenic spots Hailuogou camp: One camp, located in the smoke of dry Mizoguchi, about 11 km west from the mill; II camp, located near the hot ditch Falls, 6 km from the camp No. , surrounded by many attractions, you can visit the nearby forest, hot springs; III camp is located about 2 km glacier viewing platform.

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Travel Notes

Gongga Mountain tourism to people in need of special attention are: careful study, careful selection of climbing season and climbing routes, for adequate supplies ready.
Climbing more commonly へ June 5 each year in the dry and wet seasons alternating period, both because of its much higher temperature nor rainfall. And the best safeguard measures under the conditions of close and thoughtful, carefully selected the northwest along the former line of the summit ridge. Gonggar tall steep mountain, showed off the mountains, far from the mainland mountains generally comparable. Board on it, the kind of sweeping, and the mountains are all very small realm of magnificent. But the summit is extremely difficult, generally not suitable for amateurs to try.
Wood reached on a home late after going to live. First, find a good horse; second is to adapt to meet the high mountain hypoxia,
  
  
Mix in particular the Mainland. Look for a horse living in the wood, the public will have to get strong horse, and let the wood to the sub-Tibetans living in Plum Village, regardless of prior return to be a good talk.
Tibetans can learn the words of greeting early in the evening, or telling anyone say "Tashi Delek."

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Travel advice and equipment

Clothing categories: wind (Emergency) underwear, Zhuarong Yi pants, high sweat shirts, down sleeping bags and mats, sleeping mats, hats, gloves, wool socks, high to help mountain shoes, spare shoes.
Protection class: alpenstock, double double alpine tent camp, sunglasses, headlamps, water bottles, knives, high-powered sunscreens, lipsticks, lighters, waterproof matches, high mountain bowl sets, Yunnanbaiyao aerosol.
Food: 5 days to prepare enough food to eat, but also have enough seasoning. In the case of higher number, is recommended to bring a pressure cooker, you can use home Simmer Tibetan food.

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Climbing History

Very early in Mt attracted people's attention. For the mountain climber, unparalleled in Mt attractive
  
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It also got the "king of the mountain" in the world. Gongga mountain peaks as a high-altitude technology, the difficulty far greater than Mount Everest. In 1980, its peak with Everest, and other seven received by the Chinese government at the same time opening up of foreign climbers, which also attracted a large number of world-class mountaineer came to climb, especially the Japanese climbers for the public, because the Gongga Mountain by the Japanese as his "father mountain" (Mount Fuji is considered "Mother Mountain"). However, due to its enormous difficulty of climbing, mountain summit Gongga high mortality rate.
Back in 1878, the Austrian labor inspection policy was first into the mountains.
The early 30s of this century, the Swiss investigation into the mountains have Locke Heim.
In 1932, Americans Terris Moore and Richard Burdsall the first summit in Mt.
In June 13th 1957, the ACFTU climbers (the predecessor of the Chinese Mountaineering Team) six members of a successful mountain climb Denggong Ga, but there are four members were killed.
In 1982, Japan also from the macro Matsuda peak in Mt avalanche 50 meters, but the success in upholding the salvation of 19 days after miraculously survived.
In 1982, the U.S. team D. Coffield and D. Kelley climb the peak.
In 1983, the Swiss team three summit, but in the descent of a person killed by an avalanche.
In 1984, the German Heinz Zembsch, Gerhard Schmatz, Hans Engl successful ascent.
In 1998, South Korea's northeast ridge along the dangerous first ascent Mountain, but there is one sacrifice a few times before the summit ridge were completed through the Northwest.
In 1999, the Japanese successful ascent, this is the first time, along the east slope of the ridge over the north ridge over the northwestern mountain climbing Deng Gongga success, but also for the first time in Spring Hill climb Deng Gongga success.
In 2002, France, and Antoine Laurent northwest along the western slope of the summit ridge of the traditional lines.
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